p

Dzhigit

     Notes: This is a dual-missile ground or vehicle mount for SA-16 or SA-18 missiles, similar in concept to the RBS-90 dual missile launcher.  It was new issue to Warsaw Pact and Russian troops in 1995, and thus was somewhat rare during the Twilight War. Some shipments also made it to the Middle East, mostly to Iraq and Iran, and some were also encountered in Cuba.  The mount takes standard SA-16 or SA-18 missile tubes, which are simply snapped into place.  The Dzhigit system includes passive IR for the gunner. 

Weapon

Weight

Accuracy

Guidance

Sensing

Price

Dzhigit

(Launcher) 80 kg

NA

NA

NA

$7468

SA-16

13.5 kg

Average

IR

Side Aspect

$12499

SA-18A

(Sight Unit) 4.4 kg, (Missile) 13.6 kg

Easy

IR

All Aspect

$14499

SA-18B

(Sight Unit) 4.4 kg, (Missile) 12.9 kg

Easy

IR

All Aspect

$14482

SA-18C

(Sight Unit) 4.4 kg, (Missile) 15.1 kg

Easy

IR

All Aspect

$14544

SA-18D

(Sight Unit) 4.4 kg, (Missile) 18.1 kg

Easy

IR

All Aspect

$14561

 

Weapon

Reload

Speed

Min Rng

Max Rng

Damage

Pen

Type

SA-16

1

2850

200

5200

C7  B38

4C

FRAG-HE

SA-18A

1

2850

200

5200

C7  B38

4C

FRAG-HE

SA-18B

1

2850

200

5700

C7  B38

4C

FRAG-HE

SA-18C

1

2850

200

5200

C8  B38

4C

FRAG-HE

SA-18D

1

2850

200

6900

C8  B38

4C

FRAG-HE

 

SA-2 Guideline

     Notes:  This was the first successful Russian SAM (the SA-1 Guild being less than impressive).  Russian designation is the S-75.  The biggest claim to fame for the Guideline may be the fact that it was used to bring down the U-2 piloted by Francis Gary Powers in 1960 (it took 14 missiles to finally achieve a hit, including a miss that downed one of their own MiG-19s).  They were used en masse by the North Vietnamese against American aircraft, where US pilots called them “flying telephone poles.”  The Chinese used a large number of them in the 1960s against Taiwanese aircraft.  They were used to down more US aircraft by Cuba in the 1960s and 1970s.  Pakistan, Egypt, Syria, Iraq, Libya, Serbia, Albania, and many other countries have all used the SA-2 in combat.  As the years wore on, the SA-2 became less and less effective, even with improvements, due to US, NATO, and Israeli ECM and ECCM developments, leading to the two “Volga” upgrade packages in early and mid-1990s.

Weapon

Weight

Accuracy

Guidance

Sensing

Price

SA-2

(Launcher) 6694 kg

NA

NA

NA

$807800

SA-2A

2287 kg

Formidable

Radar

All Aspect

$32520

SA-2B

2287 kg

Difficult

Radar

All Aspect

$32520

SA-2C

2287 kg

Difficult

Radar

All Aspect

$32736

SA-2D

2450 kg

Average

Radar

All Aspect

$40480

SA-2E

2450 kg

Average

Radar

All Aspect

$40680

SA-2F

2287 kg

Average

Radar

All Aspect

$40016

SA-2 Volga

2450 kg

Easy

Radar

All Aspect

$40424

SA-2 Volga-M

2450 kg

Easy

Radar

All Aspect

$40584

 

Weapon

Reload

Speed

Min Rng

Max Rng

Damage

Pen

Type

SA-2A

195

5945

8000

30000

C235  B218

68C

FRAG-HE

SA-2B

195

5945

10000

30000

C235  B218

68C

FRAG-HE

SA-2C

195

5945

9300

39000

C235  B218

68C

FRAG-HE

SA-2D

295

5945

7000

43000

C281  B146

68C

FRAG-HE

SA-2E

295

5945

7000

55000

C281  B146

68C

FRAG-HE

SA-2F

295

5945

6000

30000

C329  B262

68C

FRAG-HE

SA-2 Volga

295

5945

5000

55000

C375  B280

68C

FRAG-HE

SA-2 Volga-M

295

5945

5000

67000

C375  B280

68C

FRAG-HE

 

SA-3 Goa

     Notes:  The Russian designation of this missile system is the S-125 Neva (or Pechora in its export version).  It is intended to be a lighter SAM for tactical use from a trailer-mounted quadruple launcher.  The Goa is used for airfield defense, low-level defense in conjunction with longer-range SAMs, and rear-area defense in conjunction with the SA-2 system.  In addition, a variant known as the Volna is used on some Russian ships.  First combat use was by Egyptian units against Israeli aircraft in 1970, where it was regarded as semi-successful, downing five F-4E Phantoms.  In 1972, the North Vietnamese began using them against the US Linebacker series of air raids, but the only successful kill against US aircraft by an SA-3 was against an F-4J.  The SA-3 has since been used in the 1973 Yom Kippur War, the Iran-Iraq War (by Iraq), the 1991 Gulf War, the 1982 Bekaa Valley battles, Libya against US aircraft, by Angola against South African aircraft, and in the 2003 Operation Iraqi Freedom and the various air strikes of the 1990s and 2000s leading up to it.  It is believed that of over 2300 SA-3 missile fired over the years, there have been less than 50 successful downings of aircraft by them, and the Goa is generally regarded as a rather poor SAM.  There are perhaps less than 100 SA-3 launchers, fixed and mobile, left in the world.

Weapon

Weight

Accuracy

Guidance

Sensing

Price

SA-3

(Launcher) 9149 kg

NA

NA

NA

$102859

SA-3A

639 kg

Formidable

Radar

All Aspect

$20328

SA-3B

641 kg

Formidable

Radar

All Aspect

$20192

 

Weapon

Reload

Speed

Min Rng

Max Rng

Damage

Pen

Type

SA-3A

60

5945

6000

22000

C128  B162

49C

FRAG-HE

SA-3B

60

5945

2500

25000

C154  B180

49C

FRAG-HE

 

SA-4 Ganef

     Notes:  Though this massive tactical missile is launched by a rocket booster charge, the sustainer motor is actually a ramjet engine.  It carries a massive warhead and usually blows an enemy aircraft to bits when it hits; thankfully for Allied pilots, it is not very accurate.  It is only launched from mobile vehicle or fixed launchers.  The weapon may be optically guided in heavy ECM environments; all accuracy levels are lowered by two levels. 

Weapon

Weight

Accuracy

Guidance

Sensing

Price

SA-4A

(Missile) 2500 kg

Difficult

Radar

All Aspect

(Missile) $93944

SA-4B

(Missile) 2500 kg

Difficult

Radar

All Aspect

(Missile) $95496

SA-4C

(Missile) 2500 kg

Difficult

Radar

All Aspect

(Missile) $94120

 

Weapon

Reload

Speed

Min Rng

Max Rng

Damage

Pen

Type

SA-4A

1086

4245

8000

55000

C694  B380

122C

FRAG-HE

SA-4B

1111

4245

3000

50000

C832  B418

122C

FRAG-HE

SA-4C

1090

4245

9300

72000

C832  B418

122C

FRAG-HE

 

SA-5 Gammon

     Notes:  This is the NATO reporting name of the S-200 Angara.  It is an old missile developed back in the 1950s to bring down high altitude aircraft such as the B-70, B-52, and U-2.  It was first deployed in 1963, and fired against SR-71 aircraft (without success) in 1966.  There have been periodic hardware and software updates over the years to cope with the increasing level of US, NATO, and Israeli ECM and ECCM sophistication.  The biggest handicap of the Gammon is its wide minimum range, dictated by the burnout time of the 4 dropp-away rocket boosters.  Another handicap is the general lack of maneuverability of the missile. 

Weapon

Weight

Accuracy

Guidance

Sensing

Price

SA-5

(Launcher) 7720 kg

NA

NA

NA

$757025

SA-5A

2800 kg

Formidable

Radar

All Aspect

$43072

SA-5B

2800 kg

Formidable

Radar

All Aspect

$25 Million

SA-5C

2800 kg

Difficult

Radar

All Aspect

$43880

 

Weapon

Reload

Speed

Min Rng

Max Rng

Damage

Pen

Type

SA-5A

300

12500

7000

150 km

C694  B380

122C

FRAG-HE

SA-5B

300

12500

7000

250 km

Special

Special

25 kT Nuclear

SA-5C

300

12500

7000

300 km

C832  B418

122C

FRAG-HE

 

SA-6 Gainful

     Notes:  Although classed as a tactical weapon, the SA-6 is rather large for that role, and was normally used at Division level and above, or to intercept aircraft at medium to high altitude.  It is only employed from mobile or fixed launchers.  In heavy ECM environments, the weapon may be guided by optics; all accuracy ratings are lowered by two levels. 

Weapon

Weight

Accuracy

Guidance

Sensing

Price

SA-6A

(Missile) 599 kg

Difficult

Radar

All Aspect

(Missile) $23016

SA-6B

(Missile) 599 kg

Average

Radar

All Aspect

(Missile) $22632

 

Weapon

Reload

Speed

Min Rng

Max Rng

Damage

Pen

Type

SA-6A

217

3000

3000

24000

C126  B162

43C

FRAG-HE

SA-6B

211

3000

2500

30000

C126  B162

43C

FRAG-HE

 

SA-7 Grail

     Notes:  This was the Russian's first attempt at a MANPADS missile, and is still used throughout the Third World.  It is cheap, and that is why it is still encountered in quantity.  It is no longer used by Pact or Chinese forces.  The Grail is generally regarded as a poor missile that rarely brings down its target, even when it achieves a direct hit. 

Weapon

Weight

Accuracy

Guidance

Sensing

Price

SA-7A

(Sight Unit) 4.17 kg, (Missile Unit) 9.15 kg

Formidable

IR

Rear Aspect

(Sight Unit) $3437, (Missile) $2491

SA-7B

(Sight Unit) 4.95 kg, (Missile Unit) 9.85 kg

Difficult

IR

Rear Aspect

(Sight Unit) $4340, (Missile) $2483

 

Weapon

Reload

Speed

Min Rng

Max Rng

Damage

Pen

Type

SA-7A

1

2150

800

3600

C5  B30

4C

FRAG-HE

SA-7B

1

2900

800

4200

C6  B38

4C

FRAG-HE

 

SA-8 (9M33) Gecko

     Notes:  This medium SAM is only launched from a mobile launcher on a vehicle.  The missile is radar-guided; radio signals from the ground are sent to the missile for course corrections, based on radar information.  The SA-8 may also be directly guided by a TV camera; this makes the intercept two levels harder, but can be useful in high-ECM environments.  The missiles use a booster and sustainer motor, propelling the missile to high speeds. 9M33 missiles have a fuzing detonation radius of 9 meters, while the other two have ranges of 27 meters. The 9M33 was introduced in 1972, 9M33M2 was introduced in 1975, and the 9M33M3 in 1980.

Weapon

Weight

Accuracy

Guidance

Sensing

Price

SA-8A (9M33)

(Missile) 126.3 kg

Difficult

SARH

All Aspect

(Missile) $3040

SA-8B (9M33M2)

(Missile) 126.3 kg

Average

SARH

All Aspect

(Missile Unit) $3103

SA-8C (9M33M3)

(Missile) 126.3 kg

Average

SARH

All Aspect

(Missile Unit) $3724

 

Weapon

Reload

Speed

Min Rng

Max Rng

Damage

Pen

Type

SA-8A

30

4075

1500

12000

C58  B112

24C

FRAG-HE

SA-8B

20

4075

1500

12000

C58  B112

24C

FRAG-HE

SA-8C

20

4075

1250

15000

C58  B124

24C

FRAG-HE

 

SA-9 (9M31) Gaskin

     Notes:  Early in development, the 9M31 Strela-1 was to be a heavier MANPADS counterpart to the 9K32M Strela-2 (SA-7 Grail) MANPADS system (see above).  However, it was quickly realized by the Russians that to get the performance desired, the Strela-1 would have to be a heavier missile, and a variant of the BRDM-2 was selected to carry the missiles. This is a medium heat-seeking SAM normally launched from a mobile launch vehicle, though there are towed and fixed installations, usually with 4 launchers on each mount.  It is used to fill the gap between the rather heavy SA-8 system and the hand-held SA-7 and SA-14 launchers.  The 9M31 missile was approved for use in 1968; the greatly-improved 9M31M came into service starting in 1970, and is now the standard missile for countries still using the 9K31 Strela-1.

     The Strela-1 uses an uncooled seeker head using both IR and photocontrast systems to sense and track its targets.  This is better than straight uncooled IR, but still means that the seeker has serious limitations, most notably in the area of partly-cloudy-weather intercepts.  It could reliably track targets in clear skies or solid overcast, but clouds could mix up the seeker and result in premature detonations of the warhead.  At the time of its inception, the Russians had difficulty in producing cooled-seeker missiles, especially on such a small missile, and it was felt that such a tradeoff in reliability was acceptable.  The photocontrast system was improved on the 9M31M missile and the Strela-1 became a more deadly SAM.

Weapon

Weight

Accuracy

Guidance

Sensing

Price

SA-9A (9M31)

(Ground Launcher) 368 kg, (Missile) 32 kg

Average

IR

Rear Aspect

(Launcher) $11760, (Missile) $10690

SA-9B (9M31M)

(Ground Launcher) 368 kg, (Missile) 32 kg

Average

IR

Side Aspect

(Launcher) $11720, (Missile) $12714

 

Weapon

Reload

Speed

Min Rng

Max Rng

Damage

Pen

Type

SA-9A

3

3060

800

4200

C17  B60

11C

FRAG-HE

SA-9B

3

3060

560

8000

C19  B62

11C

FRAG-HE

 

SA-13 Gopher

     Notes:  This medium SAM is launched only from mobile vehicular launchers and towed launchers.  (Towed launchers normally have two launcher boxes).  It is used for short-range close support of ground troops, and replaced the SA-9 in Russian and Warsaw Pact service, as well as about 10 other countries.  Though it does use a radar unit, this is for ranging and detection only; the actual guidance is done by IR.   

Weapon

Weight

Accuracy

Guidance

Sensing

Price

SA-13A

(Ground Launcher) 212 kg, (Missile) 39.2

Average

IR

Side Aspect

(Launcher) $6536, (Missile) $12722

SA-13B

(Ground Launcher) 212 kg, (Missile) 42 kg

Average

IR

All Aspect

(Launcher) $6536, (Missile) $14725

 

Weight: NA; Price: NA.

Weapon

Reload

Speed

Min Rng

Max Rng

Damage

Pen

Type

SA-13A

3

4000

800

5000

C19  B62

11C

FRAG-HE

SA-13B

3

4000

200

5000

C19  B62

11C

FRAG-HE

 

SA-14 Gremlin

     Notes:  This is an improved version of the SA-7, with better guidance features.  It is also less vulnerable to flares (one level harder to decoy with flares), and is less likely to take off after heat sources like the Sun. 

Weapon

Weight

Accuracy

Guidance

Sensing

Price

SA-14A

(Sight Unit) 2.75 kg, (Missile Unit) 13.25 kg

Average

IR

Side Aspect

(Sight Unit) $3460, (Missile) $12486

SA-14B

(Sight Unit) 2.75 kg, (Missile Unit) 13.25 kg

Average

IR

Side Aspect

(Sight Unit) $3460, (Missile) $12486

 

Weapon

Reload

Speed

Min Rng

Max Rng

Damage

Pen

Type

SA-14A

2

2350

500

4500

C6  B38

4C

FRAG-HE

SA-14B

2

2350

500

4500

C7  B38

4C

FRAG-HE

 

SA-15

     Notes:  This missile is launched only from the SA-15 self-propelled antiaircraft missile launcher or from ships (where it is known as the SA-N-9).  It is a very maneuverable and large missile with a great degree of launch flexibility.  The SA-15 is capable of intercepting not only aircraft and helicopters, but also cruise missiles, UAVs (one level harder) and precision-guided munitions (two levels harder).  In difficult ECM environments, the SA-15 can be optically guided (two levels more difficult).  As far as is known, the only two countries using the SA-15 are Russia and the Ukraine, though China and India are reportedly both interested.

Weapon

Weight

Accuracy

Guidance

Sensing

Price

SA-15

(Missile) 167 kg

Easy

Radar

All Aspect

(Missile) $46488

 

Weapon

Reload

Speed

Min Rng

Max Rng

Damage

Pen

Type

SA-15

21

4250

1000

12000

C83  B130

28C

HE-FRAG

 

SA-16 Gimlet

     Notes:  This is the standard Russian MANPADS SAM, used by Russian, Pact, Chinese, Iraqi, Iranian, and several countries' forces.  It uses advanced homing capabilities.  Two versions exist: one version (Igla-1E) primarily equips Russian and former Warsaw Pact troops, and has all the bells and whistles normally designed into the SA-16.  The second version (Igla-1M) has no IFF interrogator (a device that tells the operator when he is aiming at a friendly aircraft) – something that be useful under some circumstances when your enemy is operating aircraft built by your own country. 

Weapon

Weight

Accuracy

Guidance

Sensing

Price

SA-16

(Sight Unit) 3.15 kg, (Missile Unit) 13.5 kg

Average

IR

Side Aspect

(Sight Unit) $3460, (Missile) $12499

 

Weapon

Reload

Speed

Min Rng

Max Rng

Damage

Pen

Type

SA-16

1

2850

200

5200

C7  B38

4C

FRAG-HE

 

SA-18 Grouse

     Notes:  The SA-18 is used alongside the SA-16 in Russian service and some Pact countries, mostly by airborne troops and special operations units.  It is highly resistant to countermeasures such as flares (one level harder to decoy).  Though the SA-18 was in fact developed before the SA-16, and the SA-16 is actually based on the SA-18, significant engineering problems were encountered during the development of the SA-18 due to its advanced systems, and the lower-tech SA-16 was therefore designed and fielded while the bugs were worked out of the SA-18.  Therefore, while the SA-16 was fielded in 1981, the SA-18 did not begin first issue until 1983.

Weapon

Weight

Accuracy

Guidance

Sensing

Price

SA-18A

(Sight Unit) 4.4 kg, (Missile) 13.6 kg

Easy

IR

All Aspect

(Sight Unit) $3460, (Missile) $14499

SA-18B

(Sight Unit) 4.4 kg, (Missile) 12.9 kg

Easy

IR

All Aspect

(Sight Unit) $3460, (Missile) $14482

SA-18C

(Sight Unit) 4.4 kg, (Missile) 15.1 kg

Easy

IR

All Aspect

(Sight Unit) $3460, (Missile) $14544

SA-18D

(Sight Unit) 4.4 kg, (Missile) 18.1 kg

Easy

IR

All Aspect

(Sight Unit) $3460, (Missile) $14561

 

Weapon

Reload

Speed

Min Rng

Max Rng

Damage

Pen

Type

SA-18A

1

2850

200

5200

C7  B38

4C

FRAG-HE

SA-18B

1

2850

200

5700

C7  B38

4C

FRAG-HE

SA-18C

1

2850

200

5200

C8  B38

4C

FRAG-HE

SA-18D

1

2850

200

6900

C8  B38

4C

FRAG-HE

 

SA-19

     Notes:  This weapon is launched from mobile vehicle launchers, such as the 2S6M Tunguska gun/missile air defense vehicle or the Pantzyr.  It is said to be a very maneuverable missile, but has a very high minimum range.  The SA-19 is advertised as having 18g maneuverability, though in actual use it appears that they are not able to follow targets maneuvering beyond 7g. Current users include Russia, India, Libya, UAE and China.

Weapon

Weight

Accuracy

Guidance

Sensing

Price

SA-19A

(Missile in Container) 84 kg

Easy

Radar

All Aspect

(Missile) $44968

SA-19B

(Missile in Container) 90 kg

Easy

Radar

All Aspect

(Missile) $45306

SA-19C

(Missile in Container) 90 kg

Easy

Radar

All Aspect

(Missile) $47620

 

Weapon

Reload

Speed

Min Rng

Max Rng

Damage

Pen

Type

SA-19A

4

4500

1000

8000

C44  B94

19C

HE-FRAG

SA-19B

9

5500

1000

12000

C44  B94

19C

HE-FRAG

SA-19C

9

6500

800

30000

C53  B112

23C

HE-FRAG

 

SA-27 Grappler

     Notes:  This weapon does not exist in real life.

     Twilight 2000 Notes: This advanced Russian MANPADS missile was in limited use by Russian and Pact special operations forces during the Twilight War.  Supplies were never high and they were generally hoarded by such units for special missions.  It uses advanced target acquisition and homing capabilities.  The Grappler incorporates a lightweight thermal imager.

     Merc 2000 Notes: Use of this weapon was generally restricted in Russia to special operations, though it was also sold to India and Iraq.

Weapon

Weight

Accuracy

Guidance

Sensing

Price

SA-27

(Sight Unit) 4.5 kg, (Missile Unit) 10.5 kg

Easy

Radar/IR

All Aspect

(Sight Unit) $4360, (Missile) $14637

 

Weapon

Reload

Speed

Min Rng

Max Rng

Damage

Pen

Type

SA-27

2

3395

100

6000

C12  B50

5C

FRAG-HE