Notes: This is an upgraded M-109 used by the Italian Army. This vehicle has a longer barrel, which allows longer range. This gun has a longer recoiling length, so less ammunition is carried on board. This basically brings the M-109s and M-109A1s upon which they are based up to M-109A3 standards. 283 of these conversions were made between 1986 and 1992.

Notes: This Italian-built self-propelled howitzer had sales only from Nigeria, who bought them in large amounts. The weapon mounted on this vehicle is a 155mm howitzer 41 calibers long, and is roughly equivalent to the standard 155mm NATO howitzer in performance. The fire rate of this weapon can be increased to 1 per phase for 1 minute every 10 minutes. The turret is also used on the Libyan and Argentine VCA-155 systems (see Argentine self-propelled howitzers).

Twilight 2000 Notes: When vehicle losses mounted after the Italian campaign against the Germans, the Italian military put in an open order for all available vehicles, including the Palmaria, and they were produced for the Italian Army. Later, some were given to the Greeks for use against the Turkish and NATO forces in the Balkans.

Merc 2000 Notes: Sales were also made to Libya.