Notes: In the late 1960s, Syria was unable to receive regular shipments of 2S1 self-propelled howitzers from Russia. Needing more mobile artillery, it used obsolete T-34 tank chassis and D-30 field guns and created a self-propelled howitzer. The gun is mounted on the front of the vehicle, and fired over the rear of the vehicle. Controls, including elevation and traverse, are manual, so they are slow. There is a collapsible firing platform mounted on the rear of the vehicle, which is raised when firing the gun. The crew does not have any armor protection when manning the gun. The gun can rotate 360 degrees, but practical considerations (such as loading the weapon in conditions of extreme traverse) limit traverse to 120 degrees from center.