Notes: This is a civilianized version of the Russian SVD sniper rifle, meant for light to medium hunting. The original version was produced for the 9mm Russian Rifle cartridge, and was distributed to Russian civilians in large numbers. Later versions were produced with 7.62mm Nagant and 7.62mm NATO chamberings, primarily for export. The weapon is drilled and tapped for a scope and has an adjustable trigger.

Twilight 2000 Notes: The Medved-2 and Medved-3 do not exist in the Twilight 2000 timeline.

Notes: The Vepr is a hunting rifle built on the receiver and barrel of the RPK automatic rifle. The capacity for automatic fire is removed, and other modifications include a wooden thumbhole stock with a ventilated recoil pad, proprietary magazines and an optical sight mount on the left side. In addition, the bipod is removed, and the handguards are different. The trigger group is also different; it is a two-stage trigger. At first, the plans for the Vepr were to produce it only in 7.62mm Kalashnikov to simplify production, but the design proved popular in the West, so other chamberings were added. In addition, the Vepr was initially to be produced only with one barrel length, but in 1998, a longer barrel length was added for 7.62mm Kalashnikov and 7.62mm NATO variants; later, this longer barrel was offered for other chamberings. In addition, shorter 16.5-inch barrels are offered for the 5.56mm and 5.45mm versions. The use of an RPK receiver gives the Vepr greater strength than the AK-based Saiga, though at a penalty of additional weight.

The Super Vepr is a variant of the standard Vepr designed primarily for export to the West. The Super Vepr has additional ammunition options and more expensive walnut furniture that was more popular in the West at the time. In addition, the controls are more "Western-friendly," consisting of a push-button safety, Western-pattern trigger, and a somewhat different magazine release. The weapon is equipped with a Picatinny rail and may use any sort of Pact or Western sight. The controls are ambidextrous. The iron sights consist of an adjustable leaf rear sight and post-type front sight; these sights are very simple, because the Super Vepr is primarily meant to be used with a telescopic sight (a mounting rail for such a scope is available as an accessory). Barrel length is a bit different at 21.65 inches. Original chamberings were for 7.62mm Kalashnikov and 7.62mm NATO, but later a .35 Remington chambering was added.

The Vepr Pioneer is a further development of the Super Vepr; the primary difference is the removable trigger unit which allows for easy maintenance of the unit. (This trigger unit is not adjustable, however.) The thumbhole stock is replaced by a Monte Carlo stock with a pistol grip wrist and a cheek swell.

Based on the Super Vepr, the Vepr II has synthetic instead of wooden furniture and more rigid manufacturing standards, along with more ergonomic construction. The stock can be fixed or a side-folder. It is drilled and tapped for a scope, but does not have the Picatinny rail of the Super Vepr. Barrel lengths are 20 and 16.5 inches, and the barrel is tipped with an AK-74-type muzzle brake. Unlike most Russian civilianized weapons, the Vepr II will accept both civilian and military magazines.

Twilight 2000 Notes: The Vepr is a rare weapon in the West in the Twilight 2000 timeline. The Super Vepr and Vepr II do not exist in the Twilight 2000 timeline.

Notes: Though called by the Russians a "hunting carbine," the Saiga is a full-sized rifle. The original version of the Saiga was the Saiga Self-Loading Hunting Carbine, essentially a civilianized version of the AKM introduced in 1974. The receiver and action were largely the same as that of the AKM, but the stock was modified into one with a deep pistol grip-wrist instead of a true pistol grip, and the Self-Loading Hunting Carbine was chambered for a necked-down version of the 7.62mm Kalashnikov round. The sights were identical to those of the AKM, with a barrel length of 16.34 inches and no flash suppressor.

The next version was the Saiga-7.62-01; this version uses the receiver of the AKM, and fires the 7.62mm Kalashnikov. The stock is very similar in shape to that of the Self-Loading Hunting Carbine, though it is made from polymer. The handguard is that of the AK-74, as are the sights and some other parts. Most of the parts of the Saiga-7.62-01 can be used in the AKM or AK-74 (as appropriate). As with the Self-Loading Hunting Carbine, barrel length is 16.34 inches. The Saiga-4 is very similar to the Saiga-7.62-01, but is equipped with a mount for an optical sight on the left side of the receiver, a rapid-removing firing mechanism, and an enlarged trigger guard. The wooden stock is similar to a Monte Carlo stock, with a raised cheekpiece, the and the wooden handguards have finger grooves. Original production versions of the Saiga-4 can use only 5 or 10-round magazines, but newer versions can also use 20 or 30-round magazines. The magazines are not compatible with AK-series weapons and vice versa. The barrel of the Saiga-4 is a bit longer at 19.7 inches.

The Saiga-5.6 is based on the AK-74 instead of the AKM, but is otherwise very similar to its predecessors. The Saiga-5.6 can be had with a stock like that of the Self-Loading Hunting Carbine (but with a checkered pistol grip wrist) and AKM-type handguards, or with a polymer folding stock and an elongated polymer handguard with finger grooves. In the case of the folding stock version, the firing mechanism is locked when the stock is folded; folding the stock is for storage purposes only. Barrels may be 16.75 or 20.5 inches long.

The Saiga-308 uses a modified AKM receiver; the difference id primarily in the chamber and bolt size, as the Saiga-308 fires the 7.62mm NATO cartridge. The Saiga-308 has sights appropriate to the new caliber, and barrel length is 16 or 20.5 inches. An aluminum bracket on the left side of the receiver can be used to mount telescopic sights. The proprietary magazines are polymer. The stock is of wood or polymer, as are the handguards; in either case, the stock may have a standard hunting-type or thumbhole stock, with others available. The stocks have ventilated rubber recoil pads on the butt. A similar model, the Saiga-223, fires the 5.56mm NATO round. Both were designed primarily for export.

Twilight 2000 Notes: The Self-Loading Hunting Carbine and the Saiga-4 are rare weapons in the West in the Twilight 2000 timeline. The Saiga-5.6, Saiga-308, and Saiga-223 do not exist in the Twilight 2000 timeline.

Notes: This is a series of Russian rifles for hunting and target shooting. The "-1" versions typically have a straight rifle stock and longer barrels, while the standard versions have skeletonized stocks and shorter barrels. The weapons have open sights in the scope mounts to allow the weapon to be used at shorter ranges without detaching the scope.

Twilight 2000 Notes: These weapons do not exist in the Twilight 2000 timeline.

Notes: Also introduced in 2000, the TOZ-99 semiautomatic rimfire carbine uses recoil operation. It is very simple and robust in construction, and uses the same trigger/safety/magazine housing group as the TOZ-78. The barrel is the same length as that of the TOZ-78 at 21.125 inches, but the carbine is also lighter as well. The TOZ-78 uses the same iron sights as the TOZ-78, and also has dovetail grooves for a scope mount. A variant is the TOZ-99-01; this version has a removable barrel to allow a smaller package for storage, but is otherwise identical to the standard TOZ-99.

Twilight 2000 Notes: This carbine does not exist in the Twilight 2000 timeline.