Notes: This tank is a modernized T-64B, built not only to update Ukraine and Russia’s aged T-64s (some of which are still in service, especially in Ukraine), but in the hopes of export sales. The modernization includes a more powerful engine with matching transmission, rubber pads for the tracks to minimize wear to the track sections and damage to local roads, a better fire control system, updated night vision, thicker armor (by use of applique armor), lugs for ERA on the glacis, side skirts, front and side of the turret, and turret roof, and an automatic Halon fire suppression system with auxiliary manual bottles. The main gun may now fire the AT-8 or AT-11 missile. The transmission is fully automatic, and NBC overpressure protection is improved. Improved ammunition stowage has led to an increase in available ammunition. The BM BULAT has eight smoke grenade launchers on each side of the turret (firing forward, and may also make a smoke screen by injecting diesel fuel into its exhaust.

Twilight 2000 Notes: This tank does not exist in the Twilight 2000 timeline.

Notes: The Oplot is a heavily-modified version of the Russian T-80UD tank (which was actually designed in Ukraine before it gained its independence from the Soviet Union). Modifications include a stronger all-welded turret with added applique armor; lugs for ERA on the turret roof, turret front, turret sides, and hull front; enlarged and strengthened side skirts; a more powerful engine; a digital fire control system including a laser rangefinder and ballistic computer; a 1kW APU (made possible by the smaller, yet more powerful engine); a muzzle reference system; a navigation system based upon GPS; automatic transmission with a T-shaped steering bar instead of the laterals of the T-80UD; air conditioning and heating; and an NBC overpressure system. There are eight smoke grenade launchers on each side of the turret, firing up and forward; the Oplot may also generate a smokescreen by injecting diesel fuel into its exhaust. The Oplot is known to be used by Ukraine in small but growing numbers; it is also being shopped extensively around the world, both as an upgrade kit and as a complete vehicle.

The Yatagan is a further upgrade of the Oplot, also known as the KERN2-120 (the name of the prototype) or the mistaken name of T-84-120 (mistaken since the tank is not based upon the T-84). The primary difference between the Yatagan and Oplot is the main gun, which is a Rheinmetall-type 120mm smoothbore of Israeli origin. The turret also has a large rear bustle, necessary due to the nature of the 120mm rounds and the inclusion of an autoloader instead of a loader crewmember, something unusual for tanks armed with a 120mm gun. The Yatagan carries much more ammunition for its coaxial machinegun, and is of a somewhat different shape than the Oplot (especially in the turret), but is otherwise identical to the Oplot. The Yatagan is meant primarily for export service, and is not used by Ukraine herself. The Oplot first appeared in the late 1990s; the Yatagan appeared in 2000.

Twilight 2000 Notes: These vehicles do not exist in the Twilight 2000 timeline.

Notes: This is a modernized version of the T-54 or T-55 tanks. The modernization consists of the replacement of the old engine with a new supercharged diesel engine with a great deal more power (necessary, as the T-55AGM is a great deal heavier than a standard T-54 or T-55), along with an automatic transmission to match; improved running gear; a steering bar to replace the levers normally used to control the T-55; greater armor protection, including applique armor, side skirts, ERA (turret roof, turret sides, turret front, hull front, hull sides), and an active countermeasures system similar to the Shtora-1 of the Russian T-90; an up-to-date fire control and night vision system; an automatic loader for the main gun, along with the elimination of the loader and more room for ammunition; a commander’s machinegun which may be aimed and fired from within the protection of the armor (and with the hatch closed); and a main gun of 120mm or 125mm, depending upon the wishes of the customer. The T-55AGM is virtually an entirely new vehicle, and in fact barely looks a T-55 any more, especially the turret.

Twilight 2000 Notes: This tank does not exist in the Twilight 2000 timeline.

Notes: Produced primarily for export, the T-62M upgrade package for the Russian-made T-62 tank makes the tank into an almost new vehicle. Improvements are made to the power pack, transmission, armor protection, main gun, and fire control system. The T-62M, in fact, barely looks like a T-62 anymore, especially in the turret, which is far more angular and a little larger on the outside.

Additional applique armor is added to the glacis and lower hull front, turret front, turret roof, and turret sides. The side skirts are likewise strengthened. In addition, lugs for ERA are fitted to the same faces. The applique armor is modular; it is presently made from steel alloy, but as new materials become available, it can be removed and replaced. The top rear deck has screens to prevent weapons like Molotov cocktails from pouring into the engine compartment. The main gun is replaced by a 120mm Rheinmetall-type gun of Israeli origin, and ammunition storage is rearranged to allow more ammunition and the larger rounds. The gun and coaxial machinegun are coupled to a laser rangefinder with a ballistic computer and advanced gun stabilization. Sixteen smoke grenade launchers are added (eight on each side of the turret), firing forward and up, and the T-62M may also lay a smoke screen by injecting diesel fuel into its exhaust. The T-62M also has an optical/electronic suppression/decoy system; this consists of a laser which decoys IR-guided ATGMs (similar to IRCM in aircraft), and automatic launching of smoke grenades coupled with a sensor to detect enemy laser guiding beams. The T-62M is equipped with an NBC overpressure system and an advanced automatic Halon-based fire suppression system along with manual fire extinguishers. A Geiger counter is included to detect hazardous levels of radiation, along with a rudimentary capability to detect the presence of poison gases (but not the type or density).

This tank should not be confused with the T-62M listed under Russian Tanks.

Twilight 2000 Notes: This tank does not exist in the Twilight 2000 timeline.

Notes: This tank was produced in the Ukraine by the same firm that developed the T-64. It is basically a development of the T-80UD, with a more fuel-efficient diesel engine, superior armor, lugs for second-generation ERA, and the Shtora-1 Countermeasure system (see T-95). The 125mm gun is capable of firing both AT-8 and AT-11 missiles. The T-84 was produced primarily for export.

Twilight 2000 Story: This tank did not begin production until 1996, and the Malyshev Factory was one of the first targets hit in 1997 (though the factory was rebuilt, it was repeatedly hit, so high production rates never resumed), so only about 150 of these tanks were built.